This is a list of individuals who held the post of

Kapitan Cina Kapitan Cina, also spelled Kapitan China or Capitan China ( en, Captain of the Chinese; ; nl, Kapitein der Chinezen), was a high-ranking government position in the civil administration of colonial Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo and the ...

, a government position that existed in colonial

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

Malaysia Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of States and federal territories of Malaysia, thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two r ...

and

Singapore Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, borde ...

. The role came with vastly varying degrees of power, depending on historical and local circumstances: from near-sovereign authority with legal, political and military powers to an honorary title for a community leader.

Kapitan Cina in Hirado, Japan

* Kapitan Cina Li Dan

Kapitan Cina in the Residency of Batavia (Greater Jakarta, Indonesia)

Hoofden der Chinezen of Batavia (Senior Heads and Chairmen of the
Kong Koan A kong koan (; Dutch: ''Chinese Raad''; Indonesian: ''Raad Tjina'') or "chinese council", was a high government body in the major capitals of the Dutch East Indies, consisting of all incumbent Chinese officers in those cities. It acted as both a ...
)

* 1619–1636: Kapitein Souw Beng Kong (formerly Kapitan Cina of

Banten Banten ( id, Banten; Sundanese: , romanized ''Banten'') is the westernmost province on the island of Java, Indonesia. Its capital city is Serang. The province borders West Java and the Special Capital Region of Jakarta on the east, the Java Se ...

) * 1636-1645: Kapitein Lim Lak Ko * 1645-1663: Kapitein Phoa Beng Gan * 1663-1666: Kapitein Gan Djie * 1666-1678: Nyai Kapitein Gan Djie * 1678-1685: Kapitein Tjoa Hoan Giok * 1736-1740: Kapitein Nie Hoe Kong * 1791-1800: Kapitein Oey Bian Kong * 1800-1809: Kapitein Gouw Tjang Sie * 1809-1812: Kapitein Tan Peng Long * 1811-1817: Kapitein Tan Jap Long * 1817-1822: Kapitein Lie Tiauw Ko * 1822-1829: Kapitein Ko Tian Tjong * 1829-1865: Majoor Tan Eng Goan * 1865-1879: Majoor Tan Tjoen Tiat * 1879-1895: Majoor Lie Tjoe Hong * 1896-1907: Majoor Tio Tek Ho * 1910–1945:

Majoor Khouw Kim An Majoor is a Dutch surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Frank Majoor (born 1949), Dutch diplomat * Martin Majoor Martin Majoor (born 14 October 1960) is a Dutch type designer and graphic designer. As of 2006, he had worked since ...

Other Chinese Officers in Batavia

* Luitenant Souw Tok Soen * Luitenant Souw Siauw Tjong * Luitenant

Souw Siauw Keng Su is the pinyin romanization of the common Chinese surname written in simplified characters and traditionally. It was listed 42nd among the Song-era list of the ''Hundred Family Surnames''. In 2019 it was the 46th most common surname in mai ...

Luitenants of Bekasi, Residency of Batavia

* 1854-1882: Lauw Tek Lok, Luitenant der Chinezen * xxxx-xxxx: Tan Kang Ie, Luitenant der Chinezen * xxxx-xxxx: Han Oen Lee, Luitenant der Chinezen

Hoofden der Chinezen of Buitenzorg (present day Bogor), Residency of Batavia

* Kapitein Tan Oe Ko (1829-1860) * Kapitein Tan Soey Tiong (1860-1866) * Kapitein Phoa Tjeng Tjoan (1866-1878) * Kapitein Tan Kong Tjan (1869-1882) * Kapitein

Tan Goan Piauw Tan or TAN may refer to: Businesses and organisations * Black and Tans, a nickname for British special constables during the Irish War of Independence. By extension "Tans" can now also colloquially refer to English or British people in general, es ...

(1878-1883) * Kapitan Tan Goan Pouw (1883-1891) * Kapitein Khouw Kim Tjiang (1891-1902) * Kapitein Oey Ban Tjie (1903-1911) * Kapitein Tan Tjoen Tjiang (1912-1913)

Other Chinese Officers in Buitenzorg, Residency of Batavia

* Luitenant Thio Tian Soe (1869-1879) * Luitenant Tan Keng Boen (1878-1879) * Luitenant Thio Sian Lok (1879-1886) * Luitenant Thio Sian Tjiang (1883-1886) * Luitenant Khouw Oen Tek (1886-1889) * Luitenant Tan Tjoen Hong (1891-1893) * Luitenant Tan Tjoen Kiat (1892-1898) * Luitenant Tan Tjoen Kie (1893-1895) * Luitenant Thung Tjoen Ho (1895-1911) * Luitenant Thung Tjeng Ho (1910-1913) * Luitenant Lie Tjoe Tjin (1911-1913) * Luitenant Lie Beng Hok (1912-1913) * Luitenant Tan Hong Joe (1913-1919) * Luitenant Tan Hong Tay (1913-1926) * Luitenant Tan Tjoen Lien (1914-1919) * Luitenant Tan Hong Yoe (1925-1934) * Luitenant Tjan Soen Hay (1926-1934)

Hoofden der Chinezen of Tangerang, Residency of Batavia

* 1868-1877: Oey Tjong Piauw, Kapitein der Chinezen * 1877-1884: Lim Tjong Hien, Kapitein der Chinezen * 1884-1897: Oey Khe Tay, Kapitein der Chinezen (died in office) * 1899-1907: Oey Giok Koen, Kapitein der Chinezen * 1907-1916: Oey Djie San, Kapitein der Chinezen * 1928-1934: Oey Kiat Tjin, Kapitein der Chinezen (died in office)

Other Chinese Officers in Tangerang, Residency of Batavia

* 18xx-1887: Lim Mo Gie, Luitenant der Chinezen * 1877-1885: Tan Tiang Po, Luitenant der Chinezen * 1884-1897: Souw Siauw Keng, Luitenant der Chinezen * 1899-1901: Lie Hin Liang, Luitenant der Chinezen * 18xx-1907: Ang Kong Pan, Luitenant der Chinezen * 18xx-1907: Kho Po Tjoan, Luitenant der Chinezen

Kapitan Cina in the rest of Indonesia

Hoofden der Chinezen of Bandung

* Luitenant Oei Boen Hoen * Luitenant Tan Haij Liong * Kapitein Tan Joen Liong

Hoofden der Chinezen of Batang

* Kapitein Souw Ban An

Hoofden der Chinezen of Manado

* Kapitein The Tjien Tjo * Kapitein Sie Sieuw * Kapitein Ong Tjeng Hie * Kapitein Lie Tjeng Lok * Kapitein Tan Tjin Bie * Kapitein Oei Pek Jong * Kapitein Tjia Pak Liem * Kapitein Lie Goan Oan * Kapitein Tjia Goan Tjong * Luitenant Que Ing Hie * Luitenant Ong Bondjie * Luitenant Tan Bian Loe * Luitenant Tjoa Jaoe Hoei * Luitenant Pauw Djoe

Luitenants of Gorontalo

* Luitenant Liem Peng Boen (林炳文) * Luitenant Liem Kiem Thae (林金逮) * Luitenant Ong Teng Hoen

Hoofden der Chinezen of Medan

* 1874-1885 Tjioe Tjoe Jen * 1881-1887 Oen Gan The (溫颜鄭) * 1890-1911 Majoor Tjong Yong Hian (张爵干) * 1911-1921 Majoor Tjong A Fie (张耀轩) * 1922-1950 Khoe Tjin Tek

Hoofden der Chinezen of Surabaya

* 1700s - 1778: Kapitein Han Bwee Kong * 1778 - 1827: Majoor Han Chan Piet * 1888 - 1894: Majoor The Toan Tjiak * 1894 - 1900s: Majoor Tie Ing Tjay * 1904 - 1906: Majoor Tan Sing Tian (陳成典) * 1907 - 1913: Majoor The Toan Ing * 1914 - 1924: Majoor Han Tjiong Khing

Kapitan Cina in Malaysia

Kapitans of Sarawak

* Kapitan China Ong Tiang Swee OBE

Kapitans of Kuala Lumpur

Yap Ah Loy Kapitan China Yap Ah Loy (; Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ''Ya̍p Â-lòi'', Jawi: ; 14 March 1837 – 15 April 1885), also known as Yap Tet Loy and Yap Mao Lan, is an important figure of early Kuala Lumpur. He served as the third '' Kapitan China'' of Kual ...

was a ''Kapitan'' of

Kuala Lumpur , anthem = '' Maju dan Sejahtera'' , image_map = , map_caption = , pushpin_map = Malaysia#Southeast Asia#Asia , pushpin_map_caption = , coordinates = , su ...

and is considered the founder of the city. The title was abolished in 1902, when

Yap Kwan Seng Kapitan China Yap Kwan Seng (; Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ''Ya̍p Kôn-sṳ̀n''; 1846 – 1902) was the fifth and last ''Kapitan China'' of Kuala Lumpur from 1889 to 1902. Kapitans were appointed chiefs or headmen of the various ethnic communities duri ...

died. * 1858–1861: Hew Siew (丘秀) * 1862–1868: Liu Ngim Kong (刘壬光) * 1868–1885:

(叶亚来) * 1885–1889: Yap Ah Shak (叶致英) * 1889–1902:

(叶观盛)

Kapitans of Johor / Major China of Johor

* 1845–1857: Tan Kee Soon (Kapitan of Tebrau

* 1859–1869: Tan Cheng Hung (Kapitan of Tebrau

* 1869–18xx: Seah Tee Heng (Kapitan of Sekudai) * 1870–1875:

Tan Hiok Nee Kapitan Cina, Major China Dato' Tan Hiok Nee (; 1827 – 21 May 1902), also known as Tan Yeok Nee (), was the leader of the Ngee Heng Kongsi of Johor, succeeding Tan Kee Soon in circa 1864, he transformed the Ngee Heng Kongsi of Johor from a q ...

(Major China) * 1xxx–1xxx: Lim Ah Siang * 1xxx–1917: Lin Jin He

Kapitans of Kuala Terengganu

* 1736–1820 Teo Tioh Eng * 1782–17xx Kow Geok Seng * 1798–1847 Lim Eng Huat * 1810–18xx Kow Teck Lee * 18xx–18xx Low Kian Tee * 18xx–1899 Wee Teck Siew * 1xxx–19xx Kow Swee Leng

Kapitans of Malacca

* 1572–1617 Tay Hong Yong @ Tay Kie Ki (鄭甲) * 1614–1688 Li Wei King @ Li Koon Chang (李為經) * 1662–1708 Lee Chiang Hou @ Lee Chong Kian * 1643–1718 Chan Ki Lock @ Chan Lak Kua * 1725–1765 Chan Hian Kway @ Chan Kwang Hwee * 1703–1784 Tan Seng Yong * 1748–1794 Tan Ki Hou @ Tan Siang Lian * 1750–1802 Chua Su Cheong @ Chua Tok Ping * 1771–1882 Chan Yew Liang @ Chan Keng Sin

Kapitans of Penang

* 1787–1826 Kapitan China Koh Lay Huan (辜禮歡) was ''Kapitan China'' of

Kedah Kedah (), also known by its honorific Darul Aman (Islam), Aman and historically as Queda, is a States and federal territories of Malaysia, state of Malaysia, located in the northwestern part of Peninsular Malaysia. The state covers a total area ...

, and appointed the first ''Kapitan China'' of

Penang Penang ( ms, Pulau Pinang, is a Malaysian state located on the northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia, by the Malacca Strait. It has two parts: Penang Island, where the capital city, George Town, is located, and Seberang Perai on the Malay ...

* 1894–1908 Cheah Ching Hui (謝清輝) * 1908–1918 Cheah Yong Chong (謝榮宗)

Kapitans of Perak

* 1830–18xx Tan Ah Hun (陳亞漢) * 1875–1900

Chung Keng Quee Kapitan China Chung Keng Quee (; Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Chhang Kín-kui, 182713 December1901) was the founder and administrator of modern Taiping, Perak, Taiping in Perak, Malaysia. Appointed "Capitan China" by the British in 1877, he was a millionair ...

(鄭景貴) * 1875–1899 Chin Ah Yam @ Chin Seng Yam (陳亞炎) leader of the Ghee Hin during the Larut Wars * 1886–1906 Khaw Boo Aun @ Khaw Ewe Kuang (許武安) * 1930–1935

Chung Thye Phin Kapitan China Chiew Yuen Lam (; Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ''Chhang Thai-phìn''); 28 September 1879 – 1935) was a wealthy Malayan tin miner and rubber planter. Chinese Business in Southeast Asia: Contesting Cultural Explanations by Edmund Terence Go ...

(鄭大平) last ''Kapitan China'' of

Perak Perak () is a state of Malaysia on the west coast of the Malay Peninsula. Perak has land borders with the Malaysian states of Kedah to the north, Penang to the northwest, Kelantan and Pahang to the east, and Selangor to the south. Thailand's ...

and (British) Malaya

Kapitans Cina in Singapore

Kapitans Cina of Singapore

* Choa Chong Long *

Tan Tock Seng Tan Tock Seng (; 1798 – 24 February 1850) was a Malacca-born merchant and philanthropist from Singapore. Early life and business Tan Tock Seng was born in Malacca in 1798 to a Chinese Fujianese immigrant father and local Peranakan mother ...

(''acting'') *

Tan Kim Ching Tan Kim Ching (; 1829 – February 1892), also known as Tan Kim Cheng, was a Chinese politician and businessman. He was the eldest of the three sons of Tan Tock Seng, the founder and financier of Tan Tock Seng Hospital. He was consul for J ...

Other Kapitans in Singapore

Oei Tiong Ham Oei Tiong Ham, Majoor-titulair der Chinezen (; 1866–1924) was a Chinese Indonesian tycoon and the son of Oei Tjie Sien, the founder of the Kian Gwan, a multinational trading company. Born in Semarang, Central Java, Dutch East Indies (now Indon ...

Other Kapitans Cina

* Kapitein Lay Soen Hie, Kapitan of Pasar Baroe, Batavia (Jakarta) *

Tan Ah Hun Tan or TAN may refer to: Businesses and organisations * Black and Tans, a nickname for British special constables during the Irish War of Independence. By extension "Tans" can now also colloquially refer to English or British people in general, es ...

, the first Capitan China of Perak circa 1850s, father of

Tan Seng Poh Tan Seng Poh (1830 - 13 December 1879), was a chairman of the Singapore Municipal Committee, a Justice of the Peace and an honorary magistrate. Biography Tan was born in 1830 in Ipoh, as the son of Tan Ah Hun, the Kapitan Cina of Perak. When he ...

and father-in-law of Seah Eu Chin * Shing Kap, Capitan China of Sungei Ujong, and a Hai San headman *Choa Mah Soo, Capitan China of Klias and Mempakul (circa 1869) *Chua Su Cheong Capitan China of Dutch Malacca and father of Choa Chong Long *Chan Yungqua, Capitan China of Malacca (18th century) *Ah Poh, Capitan China of Lipis *Seah Tye Heng, Capitan China of Sekudai, Johore *Lieu Chin-Fu, Capitan China of Pulai was the last Capitan China of Kelantan *Tan How Seng, Capitan China of Singapore *Li Kap or Li Kup or Lee Wei King, Capitan China of Dutch Malacca, founder of the Cheng Hoon Teng temple there and the person who donated Bukit China for use as a Chinese burial ground * Wee Sin Hee, Capitan China of Terengganu *Tin Kap or Tay Kap, Capitan China of Portuguese Malacca, said to have been the only Capitan China appointed by the Portuguese *Baba Seng, Capitan China of Kedah in the 1820s * Chan Ki Lock or Chan Kup, Capitan China of Dutch Malacca circa 1704 * Khaw Boo Aun * Dato' Chua Tuah Soon () * WEE, Hee Hoon (D: 17 March 1922 at 46 yrs of age, leaving a widow and seven children), Kapitan China of Bagan Si Api Api (Indonesia) * OEY, Teng Kiang (Murdered 17 September 1924), Kapitan China of Palembang (Indonesia). * KOH, Kim Hin (husband of Mrs Anne Tan-Koh who died at 79 yrs of age in 1966, and father of Bishop

Roland Koh Tan Sri Roland Koh Peck Chiang ( – 6 October 1972) was a Malaysian clergyman in the Anglican Church. He was the second Bishop of Sabah from 1965 until 1970, and then the first Bishop of West Malaysia from 1970 until his death. Koh was the s ...

), Kapitan China of Sandakan (East Malaysia). * OEI, Leong Tan, Kapitan China of Bengkalis. * LEE, Lei Kam, Kapitan China of Perlis. * ONG, Boon Pang, Kapitan China of Brunei. * PANG, Boon Ting, Pehin Kapitan China Kornia Diraja of Brunei * Tjoe Ten-Hien, Kapitein China of Koetaradja, Sumatra * Tam Yong (father of towkay Tan Yee Man), Kapitan China of Seremban. * Phang Tjong-Tjoen, Kapitan China of Belitoeng * Lee Sam, Kapitan China of Seremban. * LIEM, Ah Pat, Capitan China of

Muntok Muntok () or, more commonly, Mentok is a town in the Indonesian province of Bangka-Belitung on the island of Sumatra. The capital of West Bangka Regency (''Bangka Barat''), it is the site of the biggest tin smelter on the world. Mentok refers to ...

was decorated by the Dutch Government in 1910. * KHOO Cheow Teong, (Justice of the Peace and father of Khoo Sian Ewe), Kapitan China of Tanjungbalai, Asahan. * Khoe Hock Cho, Kapitan China of Tanjungbalai, Asahan * Hho Tsai Thoan, Kapitan China of

Tanjungpura Tanjungpura is a name of a small town in Ketapang Regency of West Kalimantan, Indonesia. It was formerly the capital of the Tanjungpura Kingdom Tanjungpura Kingdom was the name of an ancient 8th century kingdom that was located along the southwest ...

* Kwee-Aan-Kie, Kapitan China of

Ambarawa Ambarawa is a town (and administratively, a district of the Semarang Regency) located between the city of Semarang and Salatiga in Central Java, Indonesia. Administratively, it is bordered by the districts of Banyubiru to the south, Jambu to the ...

* WEE, Chim Yean (Died 13 August 1926 leaving four sons and four daughters), Kapitan China of Bengkalis. * KO, Kim Yeo, Kapitan China of Batavia. * WEE, Boon Teng (Born in Singapore in 1864. Educated at Lye Fatt English School. Appointed Lieutenant China of Selat Panjang on the Sumatra east coast in 1890. Promoted to Capitan China in 1915 and awarded the Dutch colonial gold medal. Promoted to Majoor in 1925 prior to his retirement), Kapitan China of Selat Panjang.The Straits Times, 30 May 1937, Page 9 * Go Hong Soen, Kapitan China of Rengat,

Riau Riau is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the central eastern coast of Sumatra along the Strait of Malacca. The province shares land borders with North Sumatra to the northwest, West Sumatra to the west, and Jambi to the south. Accord ...

References

Bibliography

* *Hwang, In-Won (2003). ''Personalized Politics: The Malaysian State Under Matahtir''. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. *Lohanda, Mona (1996). ''The Kapitan Cina of Batavia, 1837-1942''. Jakarta: Djambatan. . *Ooi, Keat Gin (2004). ''Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, From Angkor Wat to East Timor''. ABC-CLIO. {{ISBN, 1-57607-770-5

External links

Chinese Kapitans of Malacca
Political history of Malaysia Chinese diaspora in Indonesia Chinese diaspora in Malaysia Chinese Indonesian culture Positions of authority Titles Court titles Noble titles Chinese-language titles Lists of political office-holders in Indonesia